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1、However, most of the fires this year are believed ________ by farmers, who use fire as a traditional way to clean land.
A.causing B.to be caused C.having caused D.to have caused
2、—What will things be like in the year 2080?
—I don’t know, but it was the question________last Tuesday by Brian Solis, a noted futurist from Sweden.
A.acknowledged B.approved C.alarmed D.addressed
3、 ––Have you asked Peter for advice?
––No, he ______ someone, so I didn’t disturb him.
A. is talking with B. has talked with
C. was talking with D. had talked with
4、—Simon will listen to music every time he comes across a maths problem.
—You know, music is the source of ______ in life.
A. inspiration B. identification
C. reaction D. recreation
5、In order to satisfy the needs of the market, the electric company has ______ its focus to tablet computers and smart mobile phones.
A.switched B.shaped
C.directed D.discovered
6、Frankly speaking, I am not sure whether I ________ this in the old days with that kind of equipment, which looks quite odd and ridiculous.
A. should have done B. need have done C. would have done D. must have done
7、—Do you think I really ________ the bad handwriting in your composition at yesterday’s meeting?
—Sure. Why ________ you always pick holes in everything I write?
A. wouldn’t have mentioned; can
B. mustn’t mention; should
C. shouldn’t have mentioned; must
D. couldn’t mention; would
8、---Can I pay the bill by credit card?
---Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment ______________ be made in cash.
A.shall B.need
C.will D.must
9、________our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who enjoy the same hobbies, even if they live on the other side of the world.
A．However
B．Whatever
C．Wherever
D．Whichever
10、How about a trip to the beach？ I will ask Tom to go with us.
A.You have my word! B.Sorry，I'm occupied.
C.Rather! D.Are you kidding？
11、The tourism industry, as the core of our local economy, is supposed____in the months to come.
A.to recover B.to have recovered
C.to be recovering D.to have been recovering
12、A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t
13、I've made some really good friends at the gym. Talking to people as you ______ is a good way to get to know them.
A.get down B.stand by
C.hang out D.work out
14、Fundamental _______ computers are to ______ more industrial structure, heavy reliance on them may separate people in daily life and affect their interpersonal relationships.
A. as; develop B. though; developing
C. although; developed D. because; develop
15、Ever since the new park was opened to the public last month, I ______ a walk in it every morning.
A. am taking B. take
C. have taken D. have been taking
16、After Jack ________ some e-mails, he started working on his report.
A. sends B. has sent C. had sent D. would sent
17、The coach, together with his players, __________ to the party held last Friday night, aiming to celebrate their win in the match.
A.was invited B.were invited C.has been invited D.have been invited
18、______________ to the party, Nancy was very upset.
A. Having not been invited B. Not having invited
C. Having not invited D. Not having been invited
19、Why not try your luck in the library? That’s ________ the American classical books are kept.
A. how B. why C. when D. where
20、__________ his skyrocketing popularity , Korean film star Kim Soo-kyun (金秀贤) will meet Asian fans, covering China, Japan, Thailand, Singapore and South Korea.
A. With regard to B. In response to C. In spite of D. In terms of
21、 ＂New and improved."These words are put in so many marketing campaigns that we tend to accept them as linked.But many new drugs aren't an improvement over the best existing drug for a given condition,and the fast drug-approval processes in recent years have added to the uncertainty about their advantages.
A recent report in the British Medical Journal,"New Drugs;Where Did We Go Wrong and What We Do Better?" analyzed the issue,The authors looked at 216 drugs approved between 2011 and 2017; 152 were newly developed,and 64 were existing medicine approved for new uses. Only 25% offered a major advantage over the established treatment,and fully 58% had no confirmed added benefit to reduce symptoms or improve health-related quality of life.
＂This doesn't mean there's no added benefit,"lead author Wieseler said."It just means we have no positive proof Either we have no studies or have studies not good enough.”Wieseler and her co-authors work for a German agency which evaluates new treatments and advises on whether the country's health care system should pay a premium(补贴）for them.If payers think a new drug isn't better than an existing drug,these agencies will require that hospitals try the cheaper drug first.
Germany's HTA demands trials to prove that a new treatment beats the existing standard. This isn't always practical. For one thing, such studies can be expensive and time-consuming,with no guarantee of success.Secondly,it can discourage companies from attempting to develop new alternatives.This is already happening.Drug developers are increasingly focused on areas where there are no good treatments to compete with,such as rare diseases.
This lack of meaningful data to guide patients is a major point of Wieseler's paper.With accelerated approval,there are more products approved,with a greater amount of uncertainty about risks and benefits. But there are other solutions besides drug trials.One idea is to require postmarket studies to track the effectiveness of newly approved drugs-a step too often neglected.
【1】What message does the recent report convey?
A.Improved drugs have advantages over old ones.
B.The approval processes for new drugs are too fast.
C.Many new drugs have no improved advantages.
D.Almost half the drugs approved target the special cases.
【2】What's the disadvantage of Germany's HTA trial demands?
A.Making drug companies think of illegal ways to cut cost.
B.Holding companies back from improving existing drugs.
C.Getting patients to depend on the government for support.
D.Pushing companies to try alternatives for existing drugs.
【3】What is the best title for the text?
A.The Advantage of Existing Drugs B.The Great Potential of New Drugs
C.People's Preference for New or Old Drugs D.A Dilemma with New Drug Alternatives
22、 Growing up, Deka Ismail says she let labels define what she could be. “I was a black girl, from a refugee (难民) family,” Deka said. “It was as if I was only allowed to explore in this predetermined box.”
After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field, Deka learned to live outside labels and began making big plans for her future. Now she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California, planning to become a professor.
Born and raised in San Diego’s City Heights neighbourhood. Deka is the daughter of a Somali refugee couple. While some might say Deka’s success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be the driven, young scientist that she is today.
When Deka was eight years old, her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family. That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to one’s life. She spent a lot of time in the library reading books, and didn’t do many of the things her peers did, like partying or having romantic relationships.
“I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family,” Deka said. “You have to not even do your best but two times better than everyone else. I felt like the whole world was waiting for me to mess up.”
Deka’s efforts paid off. The summer before her senior year of high school, she was accepted to the American Chemical Society Project SEED Programme. “She brought both enthusiasm and focus,” Botham, a researcher at this research institute, recalled. “She arrived every day ready to work, ready to learn and ready to tackle new challenges regardless of whether or not she had done anything similar.”
When asked what advice she would give to others like her, Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves. “Don’t tell yourself that scholarship is too big or this programme is too competitive or I’ll never get into this school,” she said. “I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in.”
【1】From the passage, we can learn that ________.
A．Deka was adopted by a refugee family
B．Deka spent a lot of time going to parties
C．Deka became a professor after graduation
D．Deka’s experiences drove her to work hard
【2】Deka realized the importance of education _______.
A．from her mother’s experience
B．after her chemistry class
C．by reading books in the library
D．through working at the institute
【3】What does the story intend to tell us?
A．Life is not all roses.
B．Practice makes perfect.
C．Well begun is half done.
D．Hard work leads to success.
23、 Boma International Hospitality College(BIHC), in partnership with the Business & Hotel Management School, Switzerland(BHMS), is a hospitality (酒店管理) college based in Nairobi, Kenya. It is focused on developing the next generation of world-class hospitality professionals. The college is devoted to offering students state of the art study programs, designed to promote access to demanding, but rewarding careers.
BIHC is currently seeking for a College Principal whose key responsibilities include, but are not limited to:
•Reporting to the BIHC Board of Directors for meeting the college’s overall objectives and plans;
•Providing leadership and carrying out academic and operational excellence across the institution;
•Developing and carrying out the college’s strategic plan;
•Establishment and improvement of standard operating policies and procedures to ensure academic and operational excellence;
•Management of budgets and financial performance;
•Encouraging continued improvement in curriculum and teaching methods;
•Promoting the reputation of the College, locally and internationally.
Our ideal candidate has the following key characteristics:
•Possesses a thorough understanding of international hospitality standards;
•Has 10+ years’ experience in an institution of higher learning;
•Passionate about the hospitality industry and developing themselves and the people within it.
If interested, please ensure to submit the following documents:
•A cover letter;
•Curriculum Vitae;
•Copies of relevant diplomas and corresponding transcripts.
Professional references, with contact details may also be submitted.
Interested candidates are welcome to submit their applications to the following e-mail address; recruitment@preferredpersonnel.co.ke no later than April 24th, 2020.
【1】An ideal candidate should have some necessary qualities EXCEPT _____________.
A.loving the hospitality industry
B.having over 10 year`s experience of teaching
C.being familiar with international hospitality standards
D.keeping improving himself or herself
【2】What can we learn from the passage?
A.BIHC aims to develop world-class hospitality principals.
B.Applications mailed on April 25th, 2020 are also valid.
C.College Principal should design art study programs for students.
D.An applicant must hand in copies of his or her certificates.
【3】What’s the purpose of the passage?
A.To advertise for a college principal in BIHC.
B.To list responsibilities of a college principal.
C.To briefly introduce BIHC, a hospitality college.
D.To recommend a hotel-BIHC to visitors.
24、In dry Niger, south of the Sahara, farmers who allowed cut trees to regrow in their fields have seen crop harvests increase rapidly. In recent decades, farmers there have allowed millions of trees to regrow on land that had once been cleared.
For centuries, rich woodlands dotted this dusty, sun-baked region south of the Sahara. By the time Ali Neino was a boy in the 1980s, however, just one lonely tree shot from his family’s land, and he could see clear to the horizon. “There was no vegetation in between the village and the fields,” recalls Neino, 45. “No trees, no plants, nothing.”
Decades of drought, land-clearing, and demand for firewood had left Niger nearly treeless. Intensive farming (密集农作) to feed the world’s fastest-growing population ensured new trees would not take root. Government efforts to reforest the area in the 1970s failed. Sixty million trees were planted; fewer than 20 percent survived.
Instead of cutting trees down, farmers in Niger now leave them standing and allow them to regrow from stumps (树桩), knowing that the soil around them will retain more water and be enriched by the leaves. On a recent walk along his family’s farm outside Dan Saga, Neino pointed to the trees growing everywhere.
In the past 35 years, as scientists begged nations to get serious about bringing forests back, one of Earth’s poorest countries, in one of the planet’s worst regions, added an astonishing 200 million new trees—maybe more. Across at least 12 million acres of Niger, woodlands have been re-established with little outside help, almost no money, and without driving people off their land. The trees here weren’t planted; they were encouraged to come back naturally, cared by thousands of farmers. Now, fresh trees are popping up in village after village.
【1】Why is Ali Neino mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A．To stress the importance of trees.
B．To show the features of the Sahara.
C．To prove Niger ‘s shortage of trees.
D．To predict the disappearance of trees.
【2】What made it hard for new trees to grow in Niger?
A．Years of drought.
B．Intensive farming.
C．Trees’ low survival rate.
D．Government efforts’ failure.
【3】How did Niger manage to rebuild its woodlands?
A．By driving people off their land.
B．By allowing trees to regrow naturally.
C．By encouraging farmers to plant more.
D．By getting support from other countries.
【4】What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Trees growing again in a dry nation
B．Land cleared for tree-planting in the Sahara
C．Trees planted for the environment worldwide
D．Crop harvests benefiting from trees in Niger
25、I walked into the vet with Lady Bird in a too-quiet pet carrier.
My husband and I had_________ her and her brother for 11 years, and in that period, they had never been seriously ill. _________ they were full of energy, always ready to play, and they were never_________ in that carrier.
After I had my third miscarriage and wasn’t sure if I would ever have children, our birds sat on my shoulder offering kisses as I _________. When I was pregnant with my first son, our birds _________ turns perching on my bulging belly like little guard dogs. It became a favorite_________ of theirs. And when two little boys_________ joined our family, our birds made them laugh.
At the veterinary clinic, I soon_________ that every little decision came with a large_________ tag. Did we want an X-ray? Did we want blood__________? Did we care about her enough to do everything? That last question wasn’t really__________. It just felt like it.
I opted for the test the veterinarian suggested and decided to__________ her there for a few days to be monitored. A staff member__________ her to me so I could say goodbye. Then another staff member asked me to leave a substantial down payment.
As I handed her my credit card, I started__________ all the people who wouldn’t have the__________ to make that payment. The pandemic caused two enormous shifts to occur in the pet realm. It created a swell of new pet owners. It also pushed more people into financial__________,leaving them unable to afford the pricey tests and treatments that are often needed.
That__________ day finally came, as a staff member at the veterinary clinic called. She asked if I was interested in cremation. The cost was more than $300. I __________. I said I would take her home and we would__________ her. My sons wanted to paint a headstone for her. We have chosen a special way—letting her go back to__________, to say goodbye to our loved family member who had been with us for years.
【1】
A．passed
B．moved
C．raised
D．grown
【2】
A．Especially
B．Surprisingly
C．Probably
D．Normally
【3】
A．ill
B．quiet
C．energetic
D．happy
【4】
A．sobbed
B．laughed
C．talked
D．sat
【5】
A．took
B．released
C．used
D．drew
【6】
A．journey
B．memory
C．spot
D．competition
【7】
A．hopelessly
B．eventually
C．automatically
D．desperately
【8】
A．replied
B．regretted
C．remembered
D．realized
【9】
A．figure
B．price
C．importance
D．key
【10】
A．taken
B．missed
C．failed
D．led
【11】
A．answered
B．opted
C．wanted
D．asked
【12】
A．search
B．enter
C．leave
D．send
【13】
A．held
B．tied
C．registered
D．brought
【14】
A．putting away
B．pulling through
C．thinking about
D．taking up
【15】
A．strength
B．will
C．luck
D．idea
【16】
A．hardship
B．anxiety
C．anger
D．sorrow
【17】
A．special
B．heartbreaking
C．annoying
D．unexpected
【18】
A．declined
B．expanded
C．promised
D．ended
【19】
A．save
B．keep
C．cure
D．bury
【20】
A．earth
B．home
C．nature
D．land
26、Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Your co-worker brings in brownies, your daughter makes cookies for a holiday party and candy is arriving from far-flung relatives. Sugar appears on almost all joyful occasions. It is celebration, festivity and family love. It’s also dangerous. Sugar, perhaps more than salt, contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. Evidence is growing that eating an undue amount of sugar can lead to fatty liver disease, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, obesity and kidney disease.
Yet people can’t resist it. And the reason for that is pretty simple. People just can’t resist it. And we don’t mean disability to resist it in the way that people talk about delicious foods. We mean the weakness, literally, in a similar way of drugs due to the fact that the sugar manufacturers are doing everything they can to keep us hooked.
Just a few hundred years ago, concentrated sugars were essentially absent from the human diet. Sugar was a rare source of energy in the environment, and strong longings for it benefited humans for living on. Sugar longings initiated searches for sweet foods, the kinds that help us layer on fat for times of scarcity.
Today concentrated sugar is everywhere, used in approximately 75 percent of packaged foods purchased in the United States. The average American consumes anywhere from a quarter to a half pound of sugar a day. If you consider that the concentrated sugar in a single can of soda might be more than what most people would have consumed in an entire year just a few hundred years ago, you get a sense of how dramatically our environment has changed. The sweet longing that once offered an advantage now works against us.
A better approach to sugar rehab (康复) is to promote the consumption of whole, natural foods. Substituting whole foods for sweet industrial synthetic foods may be a hard sell, but in the face of an industry that is exploiting our biological nature to keep us addicted, it may be the best solution for those who need that sugar fix.
