沧州2025-2026学年第二学期期末教学质量检测试题(卷)高一英语

一、单项选择（共25题，共 125分）

1、There is no greater love than________ who lays his life for his friends.

A.that of a man B.a man

C.that of a man’s D.a man’s

2、Such a film ___________ was shown in the cinema yesterday is not suitable for children.

A.as B.that C.which D./

3、_____ she was sick, I was expected to take his place greatly surprised me, for I didn’t have much work experience.

A.That if B.That C.If that D.If

4、It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ____.

A. rewards B. prizes

C. awards D. results

5、Only when he grew up did he ________ the effects of his father’s action.

A．aware

B．aware of

C．become aware

D．become aware of

6、My mother looked at me and ________ laughing.

A．made out

B．worked out

C．burst out

D．looked out

7、It was the first occasion ______ they had both found it possible to reach an agreement.

A. why B. when

C. which D. how

8、Many senior high school students have returned and been plunged into preparations for the national college entrance exam, ________will be postponed by one month.

A.as B.what C.which D.it

9、Rice doesn’t grow well ________ there is not enough water.

A.where B.in which C.on which D.so

10、The person who ________ advantage of the girl ________ a disadvantage didn’t gain an advantage ________ her.

A.made; in ; over B.took; at ; on C.took; at; over D.made; at; over

11、If you were to have a few minutes free, I______ the opportunity to ask you one more question.

A．would appreciate

B．would have appreciated

C．were to appreciate

D．had appreciated

12、--- Tom has a good memory.

---So he does. He can remember every______ in great detail.

A. incident B. accident

C. affair D. event

13、They don't allow ______ here．That is to say，we are not allowed _____ here．

A.to smoke； to smoke B.smoking； smoking

C.to smoke； smoking D.smoking； to smoke

14、The Louvre Pyramid in Paris is___________ a Chinese-American architect considered as the greatest challenge and greatest accomplishment”.

A.which B.whether C.that D.what

15、 I would appreciate ______, to be frank, if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.

A.you B.this C.it D.myself

16、On your way to New York William will keep you ________ if you don’t want to be lonely.

A．company

B．companion

C．safety

D．friend

17、Can it have been on the playground ________ you lost your watch?

A.that B.on which C.where D.in that

18、His remarks ________ me in my opinion that he was a very considerate boy.

A.concerned B.contacted

C.confirmed D.considered

19、It was in the small mountain village _______ they used to live _______ my parents got married.

A.that; that B.where; where C.where; that D.that; where

20、Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that he ________ his own work and translated in into German.

A．turned around

B．turned down

C．took over

D．set aside

21、Mr. Hilton’s new house is almost ______ the one he used to live in.

A. twice the size of B. as twice big as

C. bigger twice than D. the twice size of

22、Encourage your kids to try new things, but try not to _________them too hard.

A. push B. pull

C. pump D. put

23、—I saw Jim at the meeting yesterday.

—Did you? I think he ______ have attended, for he is an expert.

A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.couldn’t

24、I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ______ in my new job.

A. to expect B. to be expected

C. expected D. expecting

25、 children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.

A．If

B．Though

C．Unless

D．When

二、阅读理解（共4题，共 20分）

26、 Taking at least twenty minutes out of your day to walk or sit in a place that makes you feel in contact with nature will significantly lower your stress hormone levels. That's the finding of a study that has established for the first time the most effective amount of an urban nature experience. Healthcare professionals can use this discovery to prescribe (开药) “nature-pills" in the knowledge that they have a real measurable effect

"We know that spending time in nature reduces stress, but until now it was unclear how much is enough, how often to do it, or even what kind of nature experience will benefit us,” says Dr. Hunter, a lead author of this research. “Our study shows that for the greatest payoff, in terms of efficiently lowering levels of the stress hormone, you should spend 20 to 30 minutes sitting or walking in a place that provides you with a sense of nature.

To assist healthcare professionals looking for evidence-based guidelines on what exactly to distribute, Hunter and her colleagues designed an experiment that would give a realistic estimate of an effective amount.

Over an 8-week period, participants were asked to take a nature pill with a duration of 10 minutes or more, at least 3 times a week. Levels of stress hormone, were measured from saliva (唾液)samples taken before and after a nature pill, once every two weeks. The data revealed that just a twenty-minute nature experience was enough to significantly reduce stress levels.

Healthcare professionals can use our results as an evidence-based rule of thumb on what to put in a nature-pill prescription," said Hunter. "It provides the first estimates of how na- ture experiences impact stress levels in the context of normal daily life. It breaks new ground by addressing some of the complexities of measuring an effective nature amount."

【1】What's the great significance of the study?

A. It finds out a new way to release stress.

B. It can help doctors prescribe various pills

C. It makes it clear that exercise can help release stress.

D. It finds out the accurate amount of nature experience.

【2】How did Hunter get the finding?

A. By working with some doctors. B. By asking participants questions.

C. By carrying out an experiment. D. By comparing the previous data.

【3】What did Hunter think of the result of the study?

A. It has drawbacks. B. It's meaningful.

C. It's worth researching further. D. It needs more discussions.

【4】What's the main idea of the text?

A. Nature has close relationship with stress.

B. We should stay in nature to keep healthy.

C. We cannot get close to nature frequently.

D. Staying in nature for proper time will lower stress level.

27、Learning a second language is tricky at any age and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book. Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10.

The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. But that doesn’t seem to be because language skills go downhill. “It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.

Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children’s brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they’re better able to adapt and respond to new information. “All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.”

Kids may also be more willing to try new things (and to potentially look foolish in the process) than adults are. Their comparatively new grasp on their native tongue may also be advantageous. Unlike adults, who tend to default (默认) to the rules and patterns of their first language, kids may be able to approach a new one with a blank slate (石板).

These findings may seem discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than they previously thought. Some scientists believed that the brief window closes shortly after birth, while others stretched it only to early adolescence. Compared to those estimates, 17 or 18 — when language learning ability starts to drop off — seems relatively old.

“People fared better when they learned by immersion (沉浸), rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where your desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult. If that’s not an option, you can mimic an immersive environment by finding ways to have conversations with native speakers in their own communities,” Hartshorne says. By doing so, it’s possible to become conversationally proficient — even without the advantage of a child’s brain.

【1】The underlined word “plummet” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “__________”.

A．decrease

B．rise

C．end

D．vary

【2】What can be inferred from Joshua Hartshorne’s words?

A．Children are too young to grasp a second language.

B．Age 10-18 is the best time to learn a second language.

C．Adults go beyond the critical period for learning a second language.

D．Communicating with native speakers enables you to master all the language skills.

【3】Why adults can’t reach native-level fluency in a second language?

A．Adults are less influenced by their mother tongues.

B．Adults spend more time responding to new information.

C．Adults are only too willing to experience something awkward in the process.

D．Adults prefer an immersive environment to a classroom in learning a second language.

【4】The passage is mainly about __________.

A．the best age to learn a second language

B．the approaches to learning a second language

C．why kids learn a second language more easily than adults

D．whether adults can learn a second language like their younger selves

28、At some point in the near future, self-driving cars may become common on the roads. Self-driving cars have already been test-driven, but they are not yet available for the public.

Self-driving cars have already been test-driven thousands of miles. 【1】 Passengers could do things such as eat or read on the way. Best of all, the self-driving cars that were tested experienced fewer accidents than average human drivers.

【2】There are issues that must be solved before self-driving cars can be made available to the public. One problem is that a car cannot predict problems far down the road like a driver can. 【3】 For example, a driver can see that a child is riding her skateboard directly into the road 0. 3 km away and start to slow down. The self-driving car can react only once the child is in its immediate path.

【4】 They may become confused by fog, heavy rain, or road spray from another vehicle's wheels. They don't predict or “feel" that the roads have become icy like an experienced driver would. For instance, when a road is icy, a human driver would step on the brakes（刹车）more gently than when the roads areclean and dry.

Another issue is that self-driving cars have maps programmed into their memory, but these maps aren't always updated and accurate. 【5】 Because of this, there is no promise that a self-driving car can get a passenger to his or her destination. Perhaps one day, self-driving cars will be everywhere. However, we are not ready for that just yet.

A．Self-driving cars has disadvantages.

B．These cars had only passengers, no drivers.

C．The safety problems have almost been addressed.

D．New roads are built, and old roads are closed down.

E．So why aren't self-driving cars common on roads today?

F．The self-driving cars can react to things only once they actually occur.

G．Self-driving vehicles also have difficulty adjusting to weather conditions.

29、The Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels and—most importantly—tastes so much like real hamburger beef. In fact, plant-based burger alternatives have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry. The Center for Consumer Freedom, a nonprofit that advocates on behalf of the fast food and meat industries has launched an “informational” campaign targeting plant-based meats. The campaign has included TV and online ads, as well as print ads in newspapers. The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beef burger.

While it’s true that a plant-based meat alternative is processed and it’s true that eating one is not as healthy as a pile of raw vegetables, it’s best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt.

For instance, the additives and preservatives in plant-based meat highlighted in one ad sure sound scary. Who wants something called titanium dioxide (二氧化钛) in their meal? But the truth is that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged foods. And if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant, it’s really nothing compared with salmonella (沙门菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat.

Also, the ad campaign misses the bigger point. Choosing an Impossible or Beyond burger isn’t just about eating healthy. Burgers, whether they are made from processed pea protein or processed meat, will never be as healthy as organic raw vegetables.

What’s appealing is the prospect of enjoying a juicy burger without the bitter aftertaste of guilt.

Let’s face it, there are huge environmental costs to eating cows. Cattle raising is contributing to climate change, and not just because methane (甲烷) from cows and cattle is responsible for about 14.5% of greenhouse gas. More broadly, our global food production system releases more than a third of the world’s greenhouse gases. Yet we can’t seem to control our meat appetite even knowing that large areas of the Amazon forest have been ruined, and continue to be cut down to make room for more cattle to feed the growing demand for beef. Humans also know full well that many animals live short, cruel lives in awful conditions for the purpose of becoming foods for humans to enjoy at dinner.

A plant-based meat that satisfies meat desires and delivers protein but with a smaller climate footprint is a potential environmental game changer and the reason Impossible Foods was one of those receiving the U.N. Global Climate Action Award in 2019. No wonder the meat industry is on guard.

【1】What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A．These ads deserve little consideration.

B．We should spread the message of these ads.

C．We’d better be cautious when reading these ads.

D．These ads tell people a lot about plant-based burgers.

【2】What do we know about additives and preservatives in plant-based burgers?

A．They are likely to cause poisoning.

B．Their use is within the normal range.

C．Some have not been used in hamburgers.

D．They are used to ensure burgers taste good.

【3】What is the author’s attitude towards plant-based burgers?

A．Supportive.

B．Neutral.

C．Disapproving.

D．Doubtful.

【4】Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion

A．

B．

C．

D．

三、完形填空（共4题，共 20分）

30、 It was 4 pm. Ahmad was lying on a net _______ by two coconut trees. _______ he helped his parents take care of the farm recently, he was prepared to live a quite _______ life on his own.

“Boom!” A coconut fell onto his head. He was _______ about a bump (肿块) on his head. So he decided to cut it into pieces and make it one dish.

Ahmad was cooking when a strange old man knocked on the door. The old man _________ that the

rain was pouring down and that the only shelter _________ was this house. After the man came inside, Ahmad suddenly _________ that his food was boiling and quickly rushed to the kitchen.

After Ahmad finished cooking, his mom asked the old man to eat with them. The old man _________. After dinner, the old man said it was the most _________ food he had eaten. He told Ahmad there would be a(n) ________________ and that he was in charge of finding the best cooks and ________________ them to join in it. And he ________________ asked Ahmad to attend it. Afraid of losing face, Ahmad wanted to ________________ the old man’s good intention. However, with encouragement from his mom, he finally participated. And to his ________________, he won first place and was hired by a big restaurant. From this experience, Ahmad learned when the ________________ comes, we should take it bravely. Maybe the result is far beyond our expectation.

【1】A.decorated B.controlled C.supported D.hidden

【2】A.Since B.Although C.As D.If

【3】A.peaceful B.healthy C.independent D.busy

【4】A.annoyed B.careful C.anxious D.curious

【5】A.whispered B.proved C.argued D.explained

【6】A.in return B.in sight C.in use D.in public

【7】A.admitted B.complained C.remembered D.ignored

【8】A.left B.hesitated C.apologized D.agreed

【9】A.expensive B.delicious C.popular D.ordinary

【10】A.competition B.exhibition C.experiment D.ceremony

【11】A.inviting B.begging C.preparing D.ordering

【12】A.suddenly B.gratefully C.casually D.sincerely

【13】A.accept B.refuse C.appreciate D.question

【14】A.surprise B.embarrassment C.disappointment D.admiration

【15】A.judgement B.adventure C.accident D.opportunity

31、If you ever have a chance to go to Finland, you’ll probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.

________ the taxi drivers for example. You can go anywhere on a journey, and tell the driver to ________ you at any place, saying that you have some business to ________, and that you will pay the taxi driver later. He will agree without any ________ but just accept your words in good ________.

The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their ________, but also provide food for outside ________. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they ________ go to the free dining rooms to have their meals, and the ________ they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter. With such ________ check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to wine and dine free of ________.

Finnish workers are paid by the hour. If you work in Finland and have ________ with the boss on the hourly rate, then you just say how many hours you have worked and you’ll be paid ________.

With so many loop boles in everyday life, surely Finland must be a good country to those who ________ to take “petty advantages”. But the ________ thing is, all the taxi passengers always come back to pay their ________ after they have attended to their business; not a ________ outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms; workers always give the exact hours they have ________, As the Finns always act on good faith and always have a(n) ________ of “right is right” and “wrong is wrong” in everything they do, so to live in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”.

What we regarded as “foolish” is ________ the Finnish people’s way of life.

【1】

A．Make

B．Put

C．Take

D．Set

【2】

A．stop

B．pass

C．drop

D．pick

【3】

A．attend to

B．take care

C．take up

D．appeal to

【4】

A．pleasure

B．anxiety

C．passenger

D．money

【5】

A．condition

B．place

C．seal

D．faith

【6】

A．guests

B．visitors

C．meals

D．cards

【7】

A．waiters

B．drivers

C．diners

D．workers

【8】

A．naturally

B．respectively

C．secretly

D．contently

【9】

A．best

B．most

C．worst

D．least

【10】

A．strict

B．complete

C．troublesome

D．loose

【11】

A．registration

B．charge

C．care

D．noise

【12】

A．paid

B．debated

C．talked

D．agreed

【13】

A．accordingly

B．reluctantly

C．separately

D．abruptly

【14】

A．hesitate

B．hate

C．love

D．refuse

【15】

A．strange

B．difficult

C．complex

D．imaginative

【16】

A．business

B．trip

C．fine

D．fare

【17】

A．familiar

B．faithful

C．single

D．usual

【18】

A．worked out

B．put in

C．took in

D．ran out

【19】

A．religion

B．law

C．idiom

D．attitude

【20】

A．eventually

B．accidentally

C．actually

D．temporarily

32、 Some ten years ago, I was studying in a middle school in London. One day, Mrs. Clara gave a math ________to our class. When the papers were ________ , she found that twelve boys had made ________ the same mistakes in the test.

There is ______ new about cheating in ______ . Perhaps that was why Mrs. Clara didn’t ______ say one word about it. She only asked the twelve boys to _________ after class. I was one of the twelve.

Mrs. Clara asked no questions, and she didn’t ______ us, either. Instead, she wrote the _______ words on the blackboard: On your way home you find some _______ and you’re completely sure that you will never be found out. Later someone comes to ask you if you have ________ some money he lost. What will you do?

She then ordered us to write down the ________ , and asked us to take our whole lives to try to find out our own _______ to it.

I don’t know about the other eleven _______. Speaking for myself I can say: it was the most ________ single thing of my life. ________ , I have been asking this question to myself when I have to make a ________ .

Because of this, Mrs. Clara has become the most ________ teacher for me in my whole life. I often think of this: if Mrs. Clara had scolded us as many other ________ often did, would I go on ________ every day?

【1】A.assignment B.test C.motto D.image

【2】A.marked B.gathered C.distributed D.simplified

【3】A.correctly B.frankly C.slightly D.exactly

【4】A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything

【5】A.exams B.situations C.sayings D.subjects

【6】A.always B.once C.even D.never

【7】A.kneel B.stay C.stand D.punish

【8】A.suspect B.instruct C.scold D.obey

【9】A.following B.above C.long D.short

【10】A.wine B.time C.money D.advice

【11】A.abandoned B.found C.witnessed D.touched

【12】A.proposal B.instruction C.experience D.question

【13】A.answer B.reflection C.access D.appreciation

【14】A.people B.children C.strangers D.receivers

【15】A.qualified B.worthwhile C.important D.outstanding

【16】A.Than ever B.Back then C.Till then D.Since then

【17】A.promise B.mistake C.defense D.decision

【18】A.unbearable B.unforgettable C.incurable D.unconventional

【19】A.teachers B.chiefs C.students D.workmates

【20】A.selecting B.misunderstanding C.punishing D.cheating

33、 When I was a young girl, my mother made the same dish for supper five nights a week. She boiled potatoes, carrots, and _______ small amounts of the roast beef. She called it stew (炖菜).

I would often hear other children at school _______ about the delicious meals they had for _______. Many of them ate in fast food restaurants, which were popular and expensive at the time. They got hamburgers and fries. I _______ we could eat like that once in a while, but my parents couldn’t _______ it. We only had takeout (外卖) food once or twice a year for special _______.

Now when I _______, I think how blessed I was. My mom took the _______ to cut up and prepare those _______ every single night. Her ________ were right-focusing on the vegetables but not on the ________.

I had ________ head colds and flus than my classmates. If I did get ________, I’d be home for a day or two, not a whole week like many of them.

When I was in my thirties, I became ill and was diagnosed with high blood pressure. I have to ________ I had been eating a lot of fast food, ________ not getting it as a child. But when I went back to preparing home-made meals, I started to feel ________.

Today I often find myself ________ a bowl of my mother’s stew. I realize how ________ I was to have a mother who took the time to prepare a healthy meal for her family five evenings a week. That stew was made with ________ and it has left me with a(n) ________ that will warm me forever.

【1】A.effectively B.occasionally C.originally D.eventually

【2】A.complain B.argue C.talk D.dream

【3】A.holiday B.breakfast C.lunch D.supper

【4】A.wished B.promised C.cried D.announced

【5】A.tolerate B.afford C.resist D.accept

【6】A.circumstances B.opportunities C.occasions D.schedules

【7】A.look back B.dive in C.go about D.touch on

【8】A.risk B.stand C.turn D.time

【9】A.sandwiches B.rice C.vegetables D.eggs

【10】A.recipes B.favorites C.comments D.schemes

【11】A.meat B.milk C.hamburgers D.pizzas

【12】A.heavier B.fewer C.worse D.more

【13】A.ready B.sick C.poor D.greedy

【14】A.deny B.hide C.cheat D.admit

【15】A.getting down to B.holding on to C.making up for D.keeping up with

【16】A.hungrier B.busier C.happier D.healthier

【17】A.desiring B.thinking C.claiming D.resisting

【18】A.gifted B.blessed C.excited D.shocked

【19】A.effort B.inspiration C.confidence D.love

【20】A.experience B.truth C.memory D.manner

四、短文填空（共4题，共 20分）

34、Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Expressions about water are almost as common as water itself. But many of the expressions using water have unpleasant meanings.

The expression “to be in hot water” is one of them. It is a very old expression, which can be 【1】 back to 500 years ago. The expression is used to mean being in trouble. One story says it got that meaning from the custom of throwing extremely hot water down on enemies attacking a castle.

Being in “deep water” is almost the same as being in “hot water”. When you are in deep water, you are in a difficult 【2】. Imagine a person who cannot swim being thrown in water over his head. You are in deep water when you are facing a problem that you do not have the ability to solve. The problem is too deep. You can be in deep water, for example, if you invest in stocks in complete 【3】 of the stock market.

"Water over the dam" is another expression about a past event. It is something that cannot be 【4】. The expression comes from the idea that water that has 【5】 a dam cannot be brought back again. When a friend is 【6】 by a mistake she has made, you might tell her to forget about it. You say it is water over the dam.

Another common expression, "to hold water," is about the strength or weakness of an idea or opinion that you may be arguing about. It probably comes from the way of testing the 【7】 of a container. If it can hold water, it is strong and has no holes in it. If your 【8】 can hold water, it is strong and does not have any holes. If it does not hold water, then it is weak and can not be 【9】.

"Throwing cold water" also is an expression that deals with an idea or 【10】. For example, you want to buy a new car because the old one has some problems. But you wife "throws cold water" on the idea, because she says a new car costs too much

35、Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

My daughter

(A story told by a father, a famous actor)

My wife and I only had the one child. We had Amy.

I see her as my best friend. I think she’d always come to me first if she had a problem. We have the same sense of humor, and share interests. 【1】 I don’t mind animals, she’s completely fascinated with them, and she has always had dogs, cats, horses, and goldfish in her life.

We were 【2】 (close) when she was about four, which I think is a lovely age for a child. They know the parents best, and don’t have outside contacts. She must have grown up suddenly when she went to school, because I remember her growing away from her family slightly. Any father who has a teenager daughter comes across an extraordinary collection of people, and there seemed to be an endless stream of strange young men 【3】 (come) through our house. By the time I learned their names they 【4】 (go) away and I had to start learning a new lot.

I wanted more than anything else for her to be happy in 【5】 she was doing, and I was prepared to pull strings to help her on her way. When she left a good school she decided she wanted to become an actress so I got her into drama school. It wasn’t to her liking so she joined a theatre group and began doing bits and pieces in films. She was doing well, but then gave it up. She probably found it boring. Then she took up social work, and finally went to work 【6】a designer and he became her husband. And that’s really the story of her life. She must be happy with him—they’re always together.

We have such similar tastes in books and music 【7】 I used to take her to see an opera, which is my big passion. However, I don’t think she likes it very much. She doesn’t come with me anymore.

I don’t think she’s a big television watcher. She knows when I’m on the television, and she 【8】 watch, but I don’t know. It’s not the kind of thing she tells me.

We’re very grateful for Amy. She’s a good daughter as daughters go. We’re looking forward to being grandparents.

36、Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Why Cold weather Causes So many Flight Cancellation?

Each year, about 60,000 flights get canceled because of bad winter weather, which costs airlines and airports an estimated $3 billion. But it’s not the freezing cold temperatures that cause problems for planes. After all, 【1】 jets fly 10 kilometers up, where temperatures hover around -50 degrees Celsius.

In fact, planes 【2】 in cold weather, since cold air is denser and leads to better thrust. Clearly, the real problem isn’t what’s going on up there. It’s what’s happening on the ground.

When a 【3】 polar vortex (极地涡旋) struck the Midwestern US in January 2019, temperatures dropped to -40 degrees Celsius and airline canceled 3,000 flights nationwide. In these situations, when temperatures start 【4】, everything slows down. Cargo doors can freeze up, along with the nozzles that pump fuel into planes, which delays the 【5】 process.

Even the plane itself can freeze over. Just a quarter-inch - thick layer of ice on a plane can disrupt the way air flows over its wings.

Les Westbrooks: The number one reason, I would say, that the reason flights get delayed in cold weather is going to be because there’s some kind of frozen precipitation, from frost to snow to a sheet of ice, adhering to the aircraft, adhering to the wings of the aircraft 【6】.

That’s Les Westbrooks, a retired airline pilot and an associate professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He says that 【7】, these planes are “de-iced” - but this also delays takeoff. The crew can spray the plane with a special hot water/ glycol mixture. It can take around 40 minutes to de-ice large passenger airplanes, so planes often have to wait “their turn” for the de-icing station, which, of course, can trigger more delays.

And ice on the runway, of course, creates another set of 【8】. In 2014, a plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway and into a mound of snow, leading to an hours-long shutdown at the airport. And even though crews can remove ice from the runway, scraping it off the pavement can lead to potholes (坑洞) and other 【9】, which makes takeoffs and landings more dangerous. And of course, snow and freezing rain on the ground can affect visibility to the point where officials have to decide it’s not safe to fly at all.

But if ice and snow aren’t the problem in these extremely cold temperatures, it’s usually another factor: people.

Les Westbrooks: The airplane flies at high altitudes, -60 degrees. It’s made to do that. Humans are not made to be outside in -60 degrees weather. And so the human factor becomes a big, big factor, when it becomes extremely cold.

Baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and mechanics all have to stay warm. Some airports, like O’Hare in Chicago, set up heated shelters for their employees. Of course, with everyone taking breaks to warm up, not as much gets done, which leads to even more delays and cancellations. Passengers start missing their 【10】 flights, and that, along with passengers who can’t make it to the airport due to bad road conditions, leads to half-empty planes.

In fact, many airlines might preemptively cancel flights before bad weather even hits. So, in the end, you can still blame cold weather for cancelling your flight.

37、Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The Internet E-commerce and globalization are making a new economic age possible. In the future, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on 【1】 relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights.

Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOs and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, “No, quiet 【2】.” They say they are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friends-not to mention strangers. And what’s more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they are so 【3】 supporting.

The technological leader promised us that access would make life more convenient. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to 【4】 us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy 【5】.

If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast 【6】 land, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the 【7】 of all resources.

And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have less time available to us than any other humans in history. Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really 【8】 in the e-economy age. If this new technology 【9】 is only about super efficiency, then we risk losing something even precious than time-our sense of what it means to be a(n) 【10】 human being.

五、书面表达（共4题，共 20分）

38、假定你是李华，你的美国笔友John来信请你介绍中国传统节日清明节。请根据以下要点，用英语给他写封回信。

要点:1. 清明节是二十四节气之一;

2. 全国放假三天;

3. 扫墓祭祖踏青游玩、放风筝等。

注意:1. 词数100左右;

2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

3. 开头和结尾已为你写好,但不计人总词数。

参考词汇:节气solar term 扫墓sweep the tomb

Dear John ,

Glad to hear from you. I'd like to tell you something about the Qingming Festival.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

Best wishes !

Yours ,

Li Hua

39、假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Trevor对中国俗语很感兴趣，前些天给你发了一封邮件，向你请教“良言一句三冬暖，恶语伤人六月寒”的含义，请你结合以下要点给他回封邮件：

1.该俗语的含义;

2.你从中得到的启示。

注意：1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;

3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Trevor,

Glad to receive your email and willing to explain to you the saying you mentioned in your email.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Hope my explanation will be helpful to you.

Yours,

Li Hua

40、假定你是李华，你校将举办"诵经典；学汉语"(Read Classics and Learn Chinese)活动,你的英国朋友John对此很感兴趣，发邮件向你询问有关情况，请根据以下要点用英语给他回复。

1 .活动时间及地点；2 .诵读内容及形式；3 .邀请他参加。

注意:

1词数100左右；2 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Hi John,

Yours,

Li Hua

41、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为120左右。

On December 16, 2008, Randy Heiss was hiking in Patagonis, a town near the US-Mexico border when he noticed there was a red balloon. He walked towards it, and found the balloon’s string was attached to a piece of paper. “Dayami”, it read on one side, in a child’s writing. Heiss turned the paper over. It was a numbered list, all in Spanish.

Heiss suspected that a child had tried to send Santa Claus a Christmas wish list by balloon, something he used to do himself when he was a kid. Nobody had ever returned his letters, but he wondered whether he could find the girl who had sent this one. It would be difficult, but Heiss had a few clues. About 20 miles to the southwest, was the city of Nogales, Mexico. Based on the blowing wind, he was pretty sure that’s where it came from.

Heiss brought the note home to his wife, who is fluent in Spanish and helped him translate the list. They found that Dayami had asked for a doll, a dollhouse, clothes and art supplies. Heiss then posted about his search on Facebook, attaching photos, hoping some of his friends in Nogales might know the girl’s family, but with no success. Heiss worried that time was running out before Christmas. On December 19, 2008, he sent a private message to Radio XENY, a radio station in Nogales.

The next morning, Heiss got a message from Radio XENY: They had located Dayami, an eight-year-old girl whose parents were killed in a car accident. They would arrange a get-together with Dayami at the radio station. So they bought just about everything on Dayami’s list.

Paragraph 1:

Then the Heisses drove for 45 minutes, crossing the border into Nogales.

Paragraph 2:

Ten years later, Heisses received a phone call from Dayami.